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William Friedkin (born August 29, 1935)〔Biskind, p. 200.〕 is an American film director, producer and screenwriter best known for directing ''The French Connection'' in 1971 and ''The Exorcist'' in 1973; for the former, he won the Academy Award for Best Director. Some of his other films include ''Sorcerer'', ''Cruising'', ''To Live and Die in L.A.'', ''Jade'', ''Rules of Engagement'', ''The Hunted'', ''Bug'', and ''Killer Joe''. ==Early life== Friedkin was born in August 1935 in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Rachael (née Green) and Louis Friedkin. His father was a semi-professional softball player, merchant seaman, and men's clothing salesman. His mother, whom Friedkin called "a saint", was an operating room registered nurse.〔 His parents were Jewish immigrants from Ukraine.〔(Pfefferman, Naomi. "'Killer Joe's' William Friedkin: 'I Could Have Been a Very Violent Person'." ''Jewish Journal.'' August 2, 2012. ) Accessed 2013-04-29.〕 His grandparents, parents, and other relatives fled Ukraine during a particularly violent anti-Jewish pogrom in 1903.〔Friedkin, ''The Friedkin Connection'', p. 1.〕 Friedkin's father was somewhat uninterested in making money, and the family was generally lower middle class while he was growing up.〔 According to film historian Peter Biskind, "Friedkin viewed his father with a mixture of affection and contempt for not making more of himself."〔 According to his memoir, The Friedkin Connection, Friedkin had the utmost affection for his father. Friedkin attended public schools in Chicago. He enrolled at Senn High School, where he played basketball well enough to consider turning professional.〔Biskind, p. 201.〕 Friedkin was not a serious student and barely received grades good enough to graduate,〔Segaloff, p. 25.〕 which he did at the age of 16.〔Wakeman, p. 372.〕 According to Friedkin, this was because of social promotion and not because he was bright.〔Friedkin, ''Conversations at the American Film Institute...'', p. 186.〕 Friedkin began going to movies as a teenager,〔 and has cited ''Citizen Kane ''as one of his key influences. Several sources claim that Friedkin saw this motion picture as a teenager,〔Emery, p. 237; Claggett, p. 3.〕 but Friedkin himself says that he did not see the film until 1960, when he was 25 years old. Only then, Friedkin says, did he become a true cineaste.〔Friedkin, ''The Friedkin Connection'', p. 9.〕 Among the movies which he saw as a teenager and young adult were ''Les Diaboliques'', ''The Wages of Fear'', and ''Psycho'' (which he viewed repeatedly, like ''Citizen Kane''). Televised documentaries, such as his Second City documentary, A Tale of Two Cities, 1960's ''Harvest of Shame'', also were important in his developing sense of cinema.〔 He began working in the mail room at WGN-TV immediately after high school.〔Stevens, p. 184.〕 Within two years (at the age of 18),〔Walker and Johnson, p. 15.〕 he started his directorial career doing live television shows and documentaries.〔Derry, p. 361; Edmonds and Mimura, p. 211.〕 His efforts included ''The People vs. Paul Crump'' (made with Bill Butler in 1962) which won an award at the San Francisco International Film Festival and contributed to the commutation of Crump's death sentence.〔〔Hamm, p. 86-87.〕 Its success helped Friedkin get a job with producer David L. Wolper.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Friedkin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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